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Microcytic anemia, a survey of the prevalence of these diseases and of the prevalence of patients with limit values for these diseases
HAJDUCHOVÁ, Kateřina
This bachelor thesis is focused on anemia and the theoretical and practical analysis of microcytic anemias and their mechanisms. Anemia is the most widespread blood disorder. This disease affects nearly 30 % of the whole world. The theoretical part concerning microcytic anemias further analyzes three most typical microcytic disorders, iron deficiency anemia, anemia of chronic disease and thalasemia. Iron deficiency anemia is the most common, from these anemias and in the whole world. Anemias of chronic disease are detected in patients with a serious primary illness, in other words this anemia is a secondary illness. Thalasemia is not as widespread and it is less detected in patients. It is an genetical disorder of the structural composition of hemoglobin. The theoretical part also includes a section on iron metabolism and a chapter on haemoglobin. The practical part was prepared at the haematology laboratory of the Hořovice Hospital using the Allinity hq blood analyser from Abbott. In addition to the classical processing of samples on the analyzer, blood smears were created to assess the difference between a healthy individual and an individual with pathological erythrocyte changes. The number of analyzed samples was 271 and from that 31 % of the samples showed signs of anemia. These samples were predominantly from women, almost 65 %. The most represented type of anaemia, in terms of MCV, was normocytic anaemia. Microcytic anemias were evident in almost one-fifth of the anemic samples. There was a preponderance of hypochromic probands in the samples in which microcytic anemia was demonstrated. The blood smear values were supplemented with iron, transferrin and ferritin values from the biochemistry laboratory. Unfortunately, the number of these samples was not sufficient for further diagnostic evaluation.
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Issue of diagnosis and treatment of sideropenic anemia
KALENSKÁ, Kateřina
Iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of anemia. It occurs in all countries of the world and it is mostly dependent on the standard of living. It is characterized by iron deficiency, which results in a reduced quality of life for adults, impaired child growth and the risk of abortion for pregnant women. Iron deficiency anemia can be diagnosed by hematological and biochemical blood tests. Iron deficiency is usually a secondary disease so the treatment of iron deficiency also depends on the treatment of primary desease. The practical part focuses on the topic of blood count and the examination of the feritin level with the automatic analysers. These parameters were defined for 15 anaemic patients with that were treated at the haematology department and at the clinical biochemistry department of the Hospital in Jindrichuv Hradec. The goal of the thesis is to determine the iron and feritin levels blood count for those patients and consequently establish a connection between the levels and the treatment of the anemia.
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Cribra orbitalia - prevalence and coincidence with another signs of diseases on skeleton. Medieval findings from the Czech Republic territory.
Poláková, Veronika ; Likovský, Jakub (advisor) ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (referee)
Cribra orbitalia represents one of the most frequent bone pathologies in skeletal remains of past populations. This lesion is characterised by porous, furrowed even trabecular disruption on the outer table of the compact bone on the orbital roof. Although the origin of cribra orbitalia is linked to marrow hyperplasia as a consequence of iron deficiency anemia, even other causes are not ruled out. Both occurences cribra orbitalia alone and coincidence with other signs of diseases have been recorded. Research of this study applies to cribra orbitalia as a long- term stress indicator on the skeleton and a symptom of specific diseases or anemic syndroms. Skeletal remains from Czech medieval sites with presence of cribra orbitalia as well as whole graveyard from Oškobrh were analysed. Macroscopical investigation did not demonstrate periodic coincidence of cribra orbitalia and specific bone signs of the diseases. However, the following bone changes have been observed: hyperostosis porotica, increased vascularization, supranasal porosity, inflammatory- hemorrhagic reaction on the endocranium which can in terms of differential diagnosis help to clarify the nature and/or cause of the origin of cribra orbitalia. Comparison of the population from Oškobrh with other medieval graveyards showed that frequency of...
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Determining the expression of iron transport and metabolism molecules in chosen chronic diseases.
Chmelíková, Jitka ; Kovář, Jan (advisor) ; Truksa, Jaroslav (referee)
Iron is an essential element for human organism, because it cooperates as a cofactor of enzymes in many metabolic pathways. Iron is a component of hemoglobin, and thus it is indispensable for the oxygen transport to tissues. It can exist as a ferrous or ferric form. However, ferrous iron paticipates in reactions in which highly reactive hydroxyl group can be formed. This product is harmful for the organism. Non-heme iron is taken up to the circulation through duodenal enterocyte. Iron excretion is carried out only by desquamation of the enterocytes or by bleeding. Therefore, iron intake must be strictly regulated. Iron overloading is observed in some chronic diseases (hereditary hemochromatosis, alcohol liver disease). In contrary, iron depletion can be a case of iron deficiency anemia. The aim of this master thesis is to determine the expression of iron transport molecules in duodenum in chronic diseases which originate due to disturbances of iron intake regulation. We determine the expression of molecules of iron transport (DMT1, Dcytb, ferroportin, hephaestin) on mRNA level by qPCR and on protein level by western blot. The level of serum hepcidin was determined by ELISA. Our results show an increased expression of mRNA of transporters DMT1 and ferroportin as well as ferrireductase Dcytb and ferroxidase...
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Cribra orbitalia - prevalence and coincidence with another signs of diseases on skeleton. Medieval findings from the Czech Republic territory.
Poláková, Veronika ; Brůžek, Jaroslav (referee) ; Likovský, Jakub (advisor)
Cribra orbitalia represents one of the most frequent bone pathologies in skeletal remains of past populations. This lesion is characterised by porous, furrowed even trabecular disruption on the outer table of the compact bone on the orbital roof. Although the origin of cribra orbitalia is linked to marrow hyperplasia as a consequence of iron deficiency anemia, even other causes are not ruled out. Both occurences cribra orbitalia alone and coincidence with other signs of diseases have been recorded. Research of this study applies to cribra orbitalia as a long- term stress indicator on the skeleton and a symptom of specific diseases or anemic syndroms. Skeletal remains from Czech medieval sites with presence of cribra orbitalia as well as whole graveyard from Oškobrh were analysed. Macroscopical investigation did not demonstrate periodic coincidence of cribra orbitalia and specific bone signs of the diseases. However, the following bone changes have been observed: hyperostosis porotica, increased vascularization, supranasal porosity, inflammatory- hemorrhagic reaction on the endocranium which can in terms of differential diagnosis help to clarify the nature and/or cause of the origin of cribra orbitalia. Comparison of the population from Oškobrh with other medieval graveyards showed that frequency of...
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Anaemia focusing on microcytic anaemia
REMTOVÁ, Eliška
The theme of my bachelor thesis is focused on the anemia, especially microcytic anemia. The introduction describes only the general facts about this disease and further focuses only on the microcytic anemia. Every single type is described in the separate theoretical part. Iron deficiency anemia or anemia caused by the lack of iron is the most common type at all. It occurs in up to one third of the population in developing and also developed countries all over the world. I describe the second most common chronic disease anemia as well and then rarer thalassemia at the end of this paper. The practical part is devoted to analyze all of the collected data. At first the results of blood counts of the patients, who were examined by the Department of Clinical Hematology at the Ceske Budejovice Inc. hospital, are evaluated. The evaluation is performed on an automated hematology analyzer Unicel DxH 800 Beckman Coulter. I had examined the frequency of an anemic and subsequently microcytic patients from a total of 7,664 tested patients. The resulting number with this anemia was 28%. I had also focused on the evaluation of iron, transferrin and ferritin parameters which are determined on the analyzer ADVIA. I gained the necessary data at the Department of Clinical Chemistry of Ceske Budejovice Inc. hospital. The most important goal was to determine how many of microcytic patients were tested for iron deficiency. The resulting number was only 18% examined patients in this way. Then I had looked up how many of these patients were subsequently examined to transferrin and ferritin. There were many patients who were completely missing the results of these tests, so it was not possible to determine the exact number. Based on all these detected parameters I could evaluate the patients, who suffered the anemia and which type they suffered. The anemia of chronic disease was the most often type and it was found in 24 patients. The iron deficiency anemia suffered only 11 of the examined patients.
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Determination of blood counts at sideropenic anemia, and monitoring depending on the outcome rate of iron absorption
PANOCHOVÁ, Daniela
Sideropenic anemia (iron deficiency anemia) is the most common anemia all over the world. The cause of this anemia type is lack of iron. This thesis deals with the determination of blood picture treatment results and iron absorption in patients with sideropenic anemia. In the practical part, the methods of blood picture determination as well as iron determination and the resorption curve are described. The blood picture is provided at the Clinical Haematology Ward of the České Budějovice Hospital, Corp. on the analyzer of company Beckman- Coulter Counter LH 455. Iron levels are provided in the laboratory of Clinical Chemistry of České Budějovice Hospital, Corp on the analyzer Advia. The primary goal of this thesis was proven; absorption has a significant impact on the effect of peroral treatment.
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